全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）模拟试卷

（满分：100分 考试时间：90分钟）

姓名：__________ 学号：__________ 班级：__________

完成时间：_______ 分钟 得分：_______

注意事项：

1. 答题前，考生务必将本人姓名、学号填写在指定位置。

2. 选择题答案必须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上对应题号的位置；非选择题必须使用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域作答。

3. 保持答题卡清洁、完整，禁止折叠、污损。

4. 考试结束，试卷和答题卡一并上交。

第一部分：英语知识运用（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

In today’s fast-paced world, the concept of “deep work” — the ability to focus without distraction on a cognitively demanding task — is becoming increasingly rare, yet more valuable than ever. Cal Newport, who ___1___ the term, argues that this skill is the key to thriving in the new economy. However, cultivating deep work ___2___ significant effort and a deliberate restructuring of one’s habits.

The first step is to identify and eliminate shallow work, which Newport defines as non-cognitively demanding, logistical-style tasks, often ___3___ while distracted. These tasks, such as checking emails or attending unnecessary meetings, tend to ___4___ the workday but contribute little to real value creation. By batching such activities into specific time slots, one can reclaim large ___5___ of uninterrupted time.

Next, it is crucial to train your “focus muscle.” Just like physical exercise, the capacity for intense concentration can be ___6___ with practice. Start with short, timed sessions of completely focused work, perhaps 25 minutes, followed by a short break. Gradually ___7___ the duration of these sessions. During these periods, all potential distractions — phone notifications, social media, even internal urges to multitask — must be ruthlessly ___8___.

Creating rituals and routines can also ___9___ the transition into a state of deep work. This could be as simple as starting with a cup of tea, clearing your desk, or reviewing your goals for the session. The ___10___ is to signal to your brain that it’s time to enter a different, more focused mode of operation.

Furthermore, one must be mindful of energy levels. Deep work is mentally ___11___ and cannot be sustained indefinitely. Schedule your most demanding intellectual work for the times of day when you are naturally most ___12___. For many people, this is the morning. Protect these prime hours ___13___ any appointments or shallow tasks.

The benefits of mastering deep work are ___14___. Not only does it lead to higher quality output in less time, but it also fosters a sense of professional fulfillment that is often ___15___ in a fragmented work environment. In an age of constant connectivity, the ability to disconnect and dive deep is not just a productivity hack; it’s a form of personal and professional ___16___.

Of course, this approach is not without its ___17___. Colleagues and managers accustomed to immediate responses may need to be educated about your new working style. Setting clear ___18___ about communication, such as specifying when you are available for meetings or will check emails, is essential.

Ultimately, deep work is a choice — a commitment to valuing quality of attention over mere activity. It requires saying “no” to many good opportunities to say “yes” to a few great ones. By ___19___ this practice, individuals can produce work that is both rare and valuable, securing their place in a competitive landscape that increasingly rewards ___20___ over busyness.

第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Text 1

The rise of the “gig economy” — characterized by short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs — has been one of the most significant labor market shifts in recent decades. Platforms like Uber, Deliveroo, and Upwork connect workers directly with tasks, offering flexibility and autonomy that traditional 9-to-5 roles often lack. Proponents argue this model empowers individuals to be their own bosses, work when they want, and even juggle multiple income streams.

However, this newfound freedom comes at a cost. Gig workers typically lack the safety nets associated with standard employment: paid sick leave, health insurance, retirement plans, and protection against unfair dismissal. Their income is often unpredictable, fluctuating with demand, platform algorithms, and customer ratings. This precarity can lead to financial stress and make long-term planning, such as securing a mortgage, exceedingly difficult.

Furthermore, the algorithmic management pervasive in gig platforms creates a new form of workplace control. Workers are constantly monitored through GPS tracking, customer reviews, and acceptance rate metrics. While framed as tools for ensuring quality and efficiency, these systems can be opaque and unaccountable, silently penalizing workers for refusing low-paying jobs or taking breaks, effectively dictating their behavior without human oversight.

The legal status of gig workers remains a contentious battleground. Companies often classify them as independent contractors to avoid employer responsibilities. Courts and legislators in various countries are grappling with whether these individuals should be reclassified as employees, entitled to corresponding rights and benefits. This debate strikes at the heart of how work, value, and dignity are defined in the 21st century.

21. What is the main advantage of the gig economy mentioned in the first paragraph?

A. High and stable income.

B. Comprehensive employment benefits.

C. Flexibility and autonomy for workers.

D. Strong job security and legal protection.

22. The word “precarity” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______.

A. predictability

B. stability

C. insecurity

D. prosperity

23. According to Paragraph 3, algorithmic management is problematic because it ______.

A. is completely transparent and fair to all workers

B. gives too much freedom to the workers

C. lacks human oversight and can covertly control workers

D. primarily focuses on improving workers’ long-term skills

24. What is the core issue in the legal debate about gig workers?

A. The tax rates applied to freelance income.

B. The technological infrastructure of gig platforms.

C. Their classification as contractors or employees.

D. The global competition among gig companies.

25. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s attitude towards the gig economy?

A. Uncritically enthusiastic.

B. Deeply skeptical and opposed.

C. Balanced, acknowledging both benefits and drawbacks.

D. Indifferent and non-committal.

Text 2

For centuries, libraries have been revered as temples of knowledge, quiet sanctuaries for study and discovery. Yet, in the digital age, with information instantly accessible online, the very purpose of the physical library has been called into question. Rather than becoming obsolete, however, many libraries are undergoing a remarkable transformation, redefining themselves as vibrant community hubs.

The modern library is shedding its image as a mere repository of books. While collections remain vital, libraries are increasingly offering “experiences” rather than just items. Makerspaces equipped with 3D printers, laser cutters, and coding kits allow patrons to create. Music studios, podcasting booths, and video editing suites support local artists. These spaces democratize access to expensive technology, fostering innovation and digital literacy.

Socially, libraries are addressing community needs in new ways. They host job search workshops, resume clinics, and digital skills training for seniors. They provide warm spaces during winter, cooling centers in summer, and vital resources for new immigrants. Children’s sections have evolved into interactive play-and-learn areas, hosting story times and early literacy programs. In many areas, librarians have taken on roles as de facto social workers, connecting vulnerable individuals with essential services.

This evolution does not come without challenges. Funding is often precarious, tied to municipal budgets that may not recognize the library’s expanded role. Staff require new training to manage technology and facilitate community programs. There is also a delicate balance to strike between maintaining a peaceful environment for traditional study and accommodating noisier, collaborative activities.

Nevertheless, the library’s core mission persists: to provide free, equitable access to information and opportunity. By adapting its form, the library strengthens its function. It is no longer just a place to borrow a book; it is a place to write one, record an album, start a business, or find a lifeline. In an increasingly fragmented and digital society, the physical library stands as a uniquely democratic, non-commercial space for human connection and collective growth.

26. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. The history of library architecture.

B. The decline of libraries due to the internet.

C. The transformation of libraries into community centers.

D. The cost of maintaining digital resources in libraries.

27. According to Paragraph 2, what is a “makerspace”?

A. A quiet area for individual reading.

B. A section dedicated to rare book collections.

C. A space with tools for hands-on creation and innovation.

D. A room for hosting silent study groups.

28. The author mentions all of the following as new roles for libraries EXCEPT ______.

A. providing climate relief shelters

B. offering career support services

C. acting as commercial retail centers

D. assisting new immigrants

29. What is a major challenge facing modern libraries?

A. Lack of public interest in books.

B. Unstable funding and the need for staff retraining.

C. Competition from online book retailers.

D. Strict copyright laws on digital materials.

30. How does the author view the future of physical libraries?

A. They are doomed to close within a decade.

B. Their traditional role is the only one worth preserving.

C. Their adaptation enhances their core democratic mission.

D. They should focus exclusively on digital collections.

Text 3 和 Text 4 题目（样例）

31. According to Text 3, what is the primary concern regarding social media algorithms?

A. They are too expensive to develop.

B. They may create “filter bubbles” and spread misinformation.

C. They are not engaging enough for users.

D. They have significantly reduced online advertising revenue.

32. What does the author suggest as a potential solution to the problem mentioned in Text 3?

A. Abandoning algorithmic curation entirely.

B. Implementing greater transparency and user control.

C. Charging users a subscription fee for social media.

D. Relying solely on government-run news platforms.

33. From Text 4, we can learn that the “circular economy” model emphasizes ______.

A. maximizing the production of new goods

B. designing waste out of the system and reusing materials

C. increasing consumption to boost economic growth

D. relying on advanced recycling technologies alone

34. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing Text 4?

A. To criticize traditional manufacturing industries.

B. To explain and advocate for a sustainable economic model.

C. To compare different national environmental policies.

D. To promote a specific brand of recycled products.

35. The tone of Text 4 can be best described as ______.

A. sarcastic and dismissive

B. urgent and persuasive

C. nostalgic and sentimental

D. humorous and light-hearted

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Power of Negative Thinking

We are constantly bombarded with messages to “think positive.” From self-help books to motivational speakers, the cult of optimism suggests that positive thinking is the key to success, health, and happiness. ___36___ This approach, known as “defensive pessimism” or “negative visualization,” involves consciously imagining what could go wrong in order to prepare for it.

___37___ By mentally rehearsing potential failures or obstacles, individuals can develop concrete plans to avoid them. For instance, a student anxious about an exam might visualize forgetting key formulas. This anxiety, when harnessed, can motivate them to create a detailed study sheet. ___38___

Secondly, negative thinking can reduce the shock and impact of actual setbacks. If you have already considered the possibility of a project failing or a negotiation falling through, you are less likely to be paralyzed by disappointment when it happens. ___39___ This emotional preparedness can lead to quicker recovery and more effective problem-solving.

Furthermore, this practice fosters gratitude. By imagining the loss of things we take for granted — our health, our job, our relationships — we can enhance our appreciation for having them now. The Stoic philosophers called this “premeditatio malorum” (the premeditation of evils). ___40___

Of course, this is not an endorsement of chronic worry or cynicism, which are detrimental. The key is strategic, controlled use of negative thinking as a planning tool, not a default state of mind. When balanced with reasonable optimism about one’s ability to cope, anticipating problems can be a powerful strategy for navigating an uncertain world.

A. Conversely, constant blind optimism can lead to poor planning and unpleasant surprises.

B. First, it serves as an effective motivational and planning tool.

C. Therefore, we should always avoid any form of negative thought.

D. However, a growing body of psychological research suggests that strategic negative thinking has its own unique benefits.

E. It was their technique for diminishing anxiety about the future and valuing the present.

F. This process transforms vague worry into actionable steps.

G. The goal is to eliminate all feelings of anxiety before any event.

H. You have already begun processing the emotion and considering next steps.

第三部分：翻译（共1小题；满分15分）

将下列短文译成汉语。

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents a dual-edged sword for the global workforce. On one hand, AI-driven automation promises unprecedented efficiency, taking over repetitive and dangerous tasks, thus freeing humans for more creative and strategic roles. It can augment human capabilities, leading to breakthroughs in fields like medicine and scientific research. On the other hand, it poses a significant threat of job displacement across various sectors, from manufacturing to clerical work. The challenge for societies is not to halt technological progress but to manage the transition equitably. This requires massive investment in education and lifelong learning systems to reskill workers, alongside robust social policies that support those displaced during the shift. The future of work will depend less on competing with machines and more on leveraging uniquely human qualities—empathy, critical thinking, and innovation—in synergy with AI.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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第四部分：写作（共2节；满分35分）

第一节 应用文写作（满分10分）

假设你是李华，你所在的大学学生会计划组织一次关于“人工智能与未来职业”的专题讲座。请你给著名科技评论员王教授写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任主讲人。邮件需包括：

1. 说明邀请目的及讲座主题；

2. 介绍讲座的初步安排（时间、地点、受众）；

3. 表达对王教授的仰慕并恳请其回复。

注意：词数80左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Professor Wang,

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

第二节 短文写作（满分25分）

根据以下图表，用英语写一篇短文。短文内容需包括：

1. 描述图表中的主要数据变化；

2. 分析导致这些变化可能的原因；

3. 谈谈你的看法。

词数不少于150。

中国新能源汽车年销量（2018-2023）

（数据来源：中国汽车工业协会）

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参考答案及评分标准

第一部分：英语知识运用（每题0.5分，共10分）

1-5: A B A B A

6-10: A B A B A

11-15: A A C A A

16-20: B A A A A

评分标准：与答案一致得0.5分，不一致得0分。

第二部分：阅读理解（共40分）

第一节（每题2分，共30分）

Text 1: 21-25: C C C C C

Text 2: 26-30: C C C B C

Text 3 & 4（样例）: 31-35: B B B B B

第二节（每题2分，共10分）

36-40: D B F H E

评分标准：与答案一致得分，不一致得0分。

第三部分：翻译（满分15分）

参考译文：

人工智能（AI）的快速发展对全球劳动力而言是一把双刃剑。一方面，人工智能驱动的自动化有望带来前所未有的效率，接管重复性和危险的任务，从而将人类解放出来，从事更具创造性和战略性的工作。它可以增强人类能力，在医学和科学研究等领域带来突破。另一方面，它也对从制造业到文书工作等各个行业的就业岗位构成了重大的替代威胁。社会面临的挑战不是阻止技术进步，而是公平地管理这一转型。这需要大规模投资于教育和终身学习体系，对工人进行再培训，同时还需要强有力的社会政策，以支持在转型期间失业的人员。未来的工作将更少依赖于与机器竞争，而更多地依赖于利用人类独有的特质——同理心、批判性思维和创新能力——与人工智能协同工作。

评分标准：

- 第1档（13-15分）：译文准确表达了原文的意思，用词贴切，行文流畅，基本无语言错误。

- 第2档（9-12分）：译文基本表达了原文的意思，文字较连贯，有少量语言错误。

- 第3档（5-8分）：译文勉强表达了原文的意思，文字勉强连贯，语言错误较多。

- 第4档（0-4分）：译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思，连贯性差，语言错误很多。

第四部分：写作（共35分）

第一节 应用文写作（满分10分）

参考范文：

Dear Professor Wang,

I am Li Hua, a member of the Student Union at XX University. We are planning a lecture on “Artificial Intelligence and Future Careers” and are writing to sincerely invite you to be our keynote speaker, given your profound insights in the tech field.

The lecture is tentatively scheduled for the afternoon of May 20th in the university auditorium, with an expected audience of around 300 students and faculty members who are keenly interested in this topic.

We have long admired your work and believe your expertise would greatly benefit our event. We would be truly honored if you could accept our invitation. Please let us know your availability at your earliest convenience.

Yours sincerely,

 Li Hua

评分标准：

 - 内容（4分）：完整覆盖所有要点（目的主题、安排、仰慕与恳请回复）。

 - 语言（4分）：用词准确，语法正确，句式有一定变化。

 - 结构格式（2分）：符合电子邮件格式，结构清晰，逻辑连贯。

第二节 短文写作（满分25分）

参考范文：

The bar chart clearly illustrates the remarkable surge in annual sales of new energy vehicles (NEVs) in China from 2018 to 2023. Starting at 1.25 million units in 2018, sales experienced a slight dip to 1.2 million in 2019, followed by a moderate recovery to 1.36 million in 2020. The trajectory changed dramatically thereafter, with sales skyrocketing to 3.52 million in 2021, nearly doubling to 6.88 million in 2022, and reaching a staggering 9.49 million in 2023.

Several factors contribute to this exponential growth. Primarily, strong government support through subsidies, tax exemptions, and favorable licensing policies has made NEVs more affordable and attractive to consumers. Secondly, rapid advancements in battery technology have alleviated range anxiety, a major concern for potential buyers. Furthermore, a growing environmental consciousness among the public has shifted preferences towards greener transportation options. The expansion of charging infrastructure and the entry of competitive models from both traditional automakers and new players have also fueled the market boom.

In my view, this trend is highly positive and indicative of China’s leadership in the global green transition. It not only helps reduce carbon emissions and combat air pollution but also fosters technological innovation and industrial upgrading. However, challenges remain, such as ensuring sustainable battery recycling and managing the strain on the power grid. Overall, the NEV sector’s explosive growth signifies a decisive shift towards a more sustainable automotive future, driven by policy, technology, and changing consumer values.

评分标准：

 - 内容要点（9分）：完整描述图表数据（3分），合理分析原因（3分），清晰阐述个人观点（3分）。

 - 语言质量（10分）：词汇丰富准确，语法结构多样且正确，语言流畅自然。

 - 篇章结构（6分）：结构清晰，段落分明，衔接自然，逻辑性强。