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苏教版五年级下册分数简便运算专项练习

苏教版五年级下册分数简便运算专项练习 完成时间：______ 分钟 得分：______ 一、去括号变号计算（共10题） 用简便方法计算，注意括号前是减号时，去括号要变号。 1. 7 8 − ( 3 8 + 1 5 ) \frac{7}{8} - (\frac{3}{8} + \frac{1}{5}) 8 7 − ( 8 3 + 5 1 ) 2. 9 10 −

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苏教版五年级下册分数简便运算专项练习


完成时间：______ 分钟 得分：______



一、去括号变号计算（共10题）

用简便方法计算，注意括号前是减号时，去括号要变号。


1. 78−(38+15)\frac{7}{8} - (\frac{3}{8} + \frac{1}{5})

2. 910−(25−110)\frac{9}{10} - (\frac{2}{5} - \frac{1}{10})

3. 123−(23−14)1\frac{2}{3} - (\frac{2}{3} - \frac{1}{4})

4. 1112−(512−16)\frac{11}{12} - (\frac{5}{12} - \frac{1}{6})

5. 1315−27−(815−57)\frac{13}{15} - \frac{2}{7} - (\frac{8}{15} - \frac{5}{7})

6. 1720+38−(320+18)\frac{17}{20} + \frac{3}{8} - (\frac{3}{20} + \frac{1}{8})

7. 2−49−(59+13)2 - \frac{4}{9} - (\frac{5}{9} + \frac{1}{3})

8. 56+712−(16−512)\frac{5}{6} + \frac{7}{12} - (\frac{1}{6} - \frac{5}{12})

9. 89−(29+12)+14\frac{8}{9} - (\frac{2}{9} + \frac{1}{2}) + \frac{1}{4}

10. 315−(135−710)3\frac{1}{5} - (1\frac{3}{5} - \frac{7}{10})





二、连减合并括号计算（共10题）

用简便方法计算，将连续减去几个数改为减去这几个数的和。


1. 79−25−15\frac{7}{9} - \frac{2}{5} - \frac{1}{5}

2. 1314−37−114\frac{13}{14} - \frac{3}{7} - \frac{1}{14}

3. 2−16−562 - \frac{1}{6} - \frac{5}{6}

4. 1516−38−14\frac{15}{16} - \frac{3}{8} - \frac{1}{4}

5. 1112−14−13\frac{11}{12} - \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{3}

6. 427−514−19144\frac{2}{7} - \frac{5}{14} - 1\frac{9}{14}

7. 1920−710−15\frac{19}{20} - \frac{7}{10} - \frac{1}{5}

8. 335−415−11153\frac{3}{5} - \frac{4}{15} - \frac{11}{15}

9. 815+712−815−112\frac{8}{15} + \frac{7}{12} - \frac{8}{15} - \frac{1}{12}

10. 2324−512−16−18\frac{23}{24} - \frac{5}{12} - \frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{8}





三、综合简便运算（共10题）

灵活运用去括号、添括号、交换律、结合律进行简便计算。


1. 56+27−16+57\frac{5}{6} + \frac{2}{7} - \frac{1}{6} + \frac{5}{7}

2. 910−38+110−18\frac{9}{10} - \frac{3}{8} + \frac{1}{10} - \frac{1}{8}

3. 1315−(815+19)+29\frac{13}{15} - (\frac{8}{15} + \frac{1}{9}) + \frac{2}{9}

4. 534−258−1385\frac{3}{4} - 2\frac{5}{8} - 1\frac{3}{8}

5. 712+59+512−49\frac{7}{12} + \frac{5}{9} + \frac{5}{12} - \frac{4}{9}

6. 1718−512−718+712\frac{17}{18} - \frac{5}{12} - \frac{7}{18} + \frac{7}{12}

7. 6−1120−920−126 - \frac{11}{20} - \frac{9}{20} - \frac{1}{2}

8. 45−(310−14)+110\frac{4}{5} - (\frac{3}{10} - \frac{1}{4}) + \frac{1}{10}

9. 1924−718+524−518\frac{19}{24} - \frac{7}{18} + \frac{5}{24} - \frac{5}{18}

10. 279+512−179−512+132\frac{7}{9} + \frac{5}{12} - 1\frac{7}{9} - \frac{5}{12} + \frac{1}{3}



✕

参考答案

一、去括号变号计算

1. 78−38−15=12−15=510−210=310\frac{7}{8} - \frac{3}{8} - \frac{1}{5} = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{5} = \frac{5}{10} - \frac{2}{10} = \frac{3}{10}

2. 910−25+110=(910+110)−25=1−25=35\frac{9}{10} - \frac{2}{5} + \frac{1}{10} = (\frac{9}{10}+\frac{1}{10}) - \frac{2}{5} = 1 - \frac{2}{5} = \frac{3}{5}

3. 123−23+14=1+14=1141\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{4} = 1 + \frac{1}{4} = 1\frac{1}{4}

4. 1112−512+16=12+16=36+16=23\frac{11}{12} - \frac{5}{12} + \frac{1}{6} = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6} = \frac{3}{6}+\frac{1}{6}=\frac{2}{3}

5. 1315−27−815+57=(1315−815)+(57−27)=13+37=721+921=1621\frac{13}{15} - \frac{2}{7} - \frac{8}{15} + \frac{5}{7} = (\frac{13}{15}-\frac{8}{15}) + (\frac{5}{7}-\frac{2}{7}) = \frac{1}{3} + \frac{3}{7} = \frac{7}{21}+\frac{9}{21}=\frac{16}{21}

6. 1720+38−320−18=(1720−320)+(38−18)=710+14=1420+520=1920\frac{17}{20} + \frac{3}{8} - \frac{3}{20} - \frac{1}{8} = (\frac{17}{20}-\frac{3}{20}) + (\frac{3}{8}-\frac{1}{8}) = \frac{7}{10} + \frac{1}{4} = \frac{14}{20}+\frac{5}{20}=\frac{19}{20}

7. 2−49−59−13=2−(49+59)−13=2−1−13=232 - \frac{4}{9} - \frac{5}{9} - \frac{1}{3} = 2 - (\frac{4}{9}+\frac{5}{9}) - \frac{1}{3} = 2 - 1 - \frac{1}{3} = \frac{2}{3}

8. 56+712−16+512=(56−16)+(712+512)=23+1=123\frac{5}{6} + \frac{7}{12} - \frac{1}{6} + \frac{5}{12} = (\frac{5}{6}-\frac{1}{6}) + (\frac{7}{12}+\frac{5}{12}) = \frac{2}{3} + 1 = 1\frac{2}{3}

9. 89−29−12+14=23−12+14=812−612+312=512\frac{8}{9} - \frac{2}{9} - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} = \frac{2}{3} - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} = \frac{8}{12} - \frac{6}{12} + \frac{3}{12} = \frac{5}{12}

10. 315−135+710=135+710=1610+710=23103\frac{1}{5} - 1\frac{3}{5} + \frac{7}{10} = 1\frac{3}{5} + \frac{7}{10} = 1\frac{6}{10} + \frac{7}{10} = 2\frac{3}{10}

二、连减合并括号计算

1. 79−(25+15)=79−35=3545−2745=845\frac{7}{9} - (\frac{2}{5} + \frac{1}{5}) = \frac{7}{9} - \frac{3}{5} = \frac{35}{45} - \frac{27}{45} = \frac{8}{45}

2. 1314−114−37=67−37=37\frac{13}{14} - \frac{1}{14} - \frac{3}{7} = \frac{6}{7} - \frac{3}{7} = \frac{3}{7}

3. 2−(16+56)=2−1=12 - (\frac{1}{6} + \frac{5}{6}) = 2 - 1 = 1

4. 1516−(38+14)=1516−(38+28)=1516−58=1516−1016=516\frac{15}{16} - (\frac{3}{8} + \frac{1}{4}) = \frac{15}{16} - (\frac{3}{8}+\frac{2}{8}) = \frac{15}{16} - \frac{5}{8} = \frac{15}{16} - \frac{10}{16} = \frac{5}{16}

5. 1112−(14+13)=1112−(312+412)=1112−712=13\frac{11}{12} - (\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{3}) = \frac{11}{12} - (\frac{3}{12}+\frac{4}{12}) = \frac{11}{12} - \frac{7}{12} = \frac{1}{3}

6. 427−(514+1914)=427−2=2274\frac{2}{7} - (\frac{5}{14} + 1\frac{9}{14}) = 4\frac{2}{7} - 2 = 2\frac{2}{7}

7. 1920−(710+15)=1920−(710+210)=1920−910=1920−1820=120\frac{19}{20} - (\frac{7}{10} + \frac{1}{5}) = \frac{19}{20} - (\frac{7}{10}+\frac{2}{10}) = \frac{19}{20} - \frac{9}{10} = \frac{19}{20} - \frac{18}{20} = \frac{1}{20}

8. 335−(415+1115)=335−1=2353\frac{3}{5} - (\frac{4}{15} + \frac{11}{15}) = 3\frac{3}{5} - 1 = 2\frac{3}{5}

9. (815−815)+(712−112)=0+12=12(\frac{8}{15} - \frac{8}{15}) + (\frac{7}{12} - \frac{1}{12}) = 0 + \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{2}

10. 2324−(512+16+18)=2324−(1024+424+324)=2324−1724=14\frac{23}{24} - (\frac{5}{12} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{8}) = \frac{23}{24} - (\frac{10}{24} + \frac{4}{24} + \frac{3}{24}) = \frac{23}{24} - \frac{17}{24} = \frac{1}{4}

三、综合简便运算

1. (56−16)+(27+57)=23+1=123(\frac{5}{6} - \frac{1}{6}) + (\frac{2}{7} + \frac{5}{7}) = \frac{2}{3} + 1 = 1\frac{2}{3}

2. (910+110)−(38+18)=1−12=12(\frac{9}{10} + \frac{1}{10}) - (\frac{3}{8} + \frac{1}{8}) = 1 - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{2}

3. 1315−815−19+29=13+19=39+19=49\frac{13}{15} - \frac{8}{15} - \frac{1}{9} + \frac{2}{9} = \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{9} = \frac{3}{9}+\frac{1}{9}=\frac{4}{9}

4. 534−(258+138)=568−4=168=1345\frac{3}{4} - (2\frac{5}{8} + 1\frac{3}{8}) = 5\frac{6}{8} - 4 = 1\frac{6}{8} = 1\frac{3}{4}

5. (712+512)+(59−49)=1+19=119(\frac{7}{12} + \frac{5}{12}) + (\frac{5}{9} - \frac{4}{9}) = 1 + \frac{1}{9} = 1\frac{1}{9}

6. (1718−718)+(712−512)=59+16=1018+318=1318(\frac{17}{18} - \frac{7}{18}) + (\frac{7}{12} - \frac{5}{12}) = \frac{5}{9} + \frac{1}{6} = \frac{10}{18}+\frac{3}{18}=\frac{13}{18}

7. 6−(1120+920)−12=6−1−12=4126 - (\frac{11}{20} + \frac{9}{20}) - \frac{1}{2} = 6 - 1 - \frac{1}{2} = 4\frac{1}{2}

8. 45−310+14+110=(45+14)+(110−310)=(1620+520)−15=2120−420=1720\frac{4}{5} - \frac{3}{10} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{10} = (\frac{4}{5} + \frac{1}{4}) + (\frac{1}{10} - \frac{3}{10}) = (\frac{16}{20}+\frac{5}{20}) - \frac{1}{5} = \frac{21}{20} - \frac{4}{20} = \frac{17}{20}

9. (1924+524)−(718+518)=1−23=13(\frac{19}{24} + \frac{5}{24}) - (\frac{7}{18} + \frac{5}{18}) = 1 - \frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{3}

10. (279−179)+(512−512)+13=1+0+13=113(2\frac{7}{9} - 1\frac{7}{9}) + (\frac{5}{12} - \frac{5}{12}) + \frac{1}{3} = 1 + 0 + \frac{1}{3} = 1\frac{1}{3}